seth72
2004-09-10 16:58:25 UTC
Blaming Gays, Blacks, and Chimps for AIDS
Are species-jumping animal virus experiments responsible for the HIV
Holocaust?
by Alan Cantwell, M.D.
Dr. Alan Cantwell writes on AIDS-origin theories
Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic there have been persistent rumors
that the disease was man-made, and that HIV was deliberately "introduced"
into the American gay and the African black populations as a germ warfare
experiment. This so-called conspiracy theory was quickly squelched by
virologists and molecular biolologists, who blamed primates in the African
bush and human sexuality for the introduction and spread of HIV.
In the fall of 1986 the Soviets shocked the world by claiming that HIV was
secretly developed at Fort Detrick, the U.S. Army's biological warfare unit.
Although the claim was dismissed as "infectious propaganda", Russian
scientists had worked hand in hand with biological warfare scientists in the
transfer of viruses and virus-infected tissue into various non-human
primates (monkeys, apes, chimps) during the 1970s before AIDS appeared. With
improved international relationships, the Russian accusation vanished.
Although evidence supporting the man-made theory has never been mentioned in
the major U.S. media, the theory continues to be ridiculed. For example, in
the San Francisco Chronicle,( "Quest for the Origin of AIDS", January 14,
2001), William Carlsen writes: "In the early years of the AIDS epidemic,
theories attempting to explain the origin of the disease ranged from the
comic to the bizarre: a deadly germ escaped from a secret CIA laboratory;
God sent the plague down to punish homosexuals and drug addicts; it came
from outer space, riding on the tail of a comet."
AIDS certainly did not come from the hand of God or outer space. However,
there is ample evidence to suspect the hand of man in the outbreak of AIDS
that first began in the late 1970s in New York City.
Creating AIDS in animals before the epidemic
In 1974 veterinarians actually created an AIDS-like disease when newborn
chimps were removed from their mothers and weaned exclusively on
virus-infected milk from cows infected with "bovine C-type virus." Within a
year the chimps died of leukemia and pneumocystis pneumonia (the "gay
pneumonia" of AIDS). Both diseases had never been observed in chimps before
this virus-transfer experiment.
Also downplayed is the laboratory creation of feline leukemia and "cat AIDS"
by the transfer of HIV-like cat retroviruses in the mid-1970s. These
experiments were conducted at Harvard by Myron (Max) Essex, later to become
a famous AIDS researcher. All this man-made creation of AIDS in laboratory
animals directly preceded the "mysterious" 1979 introduction of HIV into gay
men, the most hated minority in America.
Nowadays, scientists hunt for "ancestor" viruses of HIV in chimps in the
African wild and ignore all the immunosuppressive viruses that were created
in virus laboratories shortly before AIDS. No consideration is given to any
of these lab viruses as possible man-made ancestors of the many "strains" of
HIV (and HIV-2) that jumped species to produce AIDS in humans.
The gay experiments that preceded AIDS (1978-1981)
Scientists also discount any connection between the official outbreak of
AIDS in 1981 and the experimental hepatitis B vaccine program (1978-1981) at
the New York Blood Center in Manhattan that used gays as guinea pigs shortly
before the epidemic. Curiously, the exact origin of AIDS in the United
States remains unstudied. Health authorities simply blame promiscuous gay
men, but never adequately explain how a black heterosexual African disease
could have transformed itself exclusively into a white young gay male
disease in Manhattan.
Researchers claim HIV incubated in Africa for more that a half century until
AIDS broke out there in 1982. However, in the U.S. there was no incubation
period for gay men. As soon as homosexuals signed up as guinea pigs for
government-sponsored hepatitis B vaccine experiments, they began to die with
a strange virus of unknown origin. The hepatitis B experiments began in
Manhattan in the fall of 1978; the first few cases of AIDS (all young gays
from Manhattan) were reported to the CDC in 1979.
Scientists have also failed to explain how a brand new herpes virus was also
introduced exclusively into gays, along with HIV, in the late 1970s. This
herpes virus is now believed to be the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma, the
so-called "gay cancer" of AIDS. Before AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma was never seen
in healthy young men. Identified a decade after HIV, in 1994, this KS virus
is closely related to a primate cancer-causing herpes virus extensively
studied and transferred in animal laboratories in the decade before AIDS.
Also downplayed to the public is a new microbe (Mycoplasma penetrans), also
of unknown origin, that was introduced into homosexuals, along with HIV and
the new herpes virus. Thus, not one but three new infectious agents were
inexplicably transferred into the gay population at the start of the
epidemic (HIV, the herpes KS virus, and M.penetrans).
In his book, Virus [2000], Luc Montagnier (the French virologist who
co-discovered HIV) blames promiscuous American gay tourists for bringing
this new mycoplasma to Africa, and for bringing back HIV. He provides no
evidence for this homophobic theory. Nor does he mention the various
mycoplasmas that were passed around in the 1970s in scientific labs, and the
fact that these microbes were frequent contaminants in virus cultures and
vaccines.
Why are all these simultaneous introductions of new infectious agents into
gay men ignored by scientists? Surely a credible explanation would be
important in determining the origin of HIV and AIDS.
Why are scientists so opposed to the man-made theory? And why do they
believe so passionately in the chimp theory? One explanation might be that
scientists don't want the public to know what happened to the tens of
thousands of imported primates who were held captive in laboratories
throughout the world in the decade before AIDS.
The forgotten Special Virus Cancer Program (1964-1977)
Rarely mentioned by AIDS scientists and media reporters is the fact that
surgeons have been transplanting chimpanzee parts (and chimp viruses) into
people for decades. When Keith Reemtsma died in June 2000, at age 74, he was
hailed as a pioneer in cross-species organ transplants (now known as
xenotransplantation). By 1964 he had already placed six chimpanzee kidneys
into six patients. All his patients died, but eventually Reemtsma succeeded
in many successful human-to-human organ transplants.
Much more likely to have spread primate (chimp and monkey) viruses to human
beings is the largely forgotten Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP). This
research program was responsible for the development, the production, the
seeding, and the deployment of various animal cancer and immunosuppressive
AIDS-like viruses and retroviruses. These laboratory created viruses were
capable of inducing disease when transferred between animal species and also
when transplanted into human cells and tissue.
The SVCP began in 1964 as a government-funded program of the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) in Bethesda, Maryland. Originally designed to study
leukemia, the program was soon enlarged to study all forms of cancer. The
scope of the program was international and included scientists from Japan,
Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, Israel, and Africa. The mission of the SVCP
was to collect various human and animal cancers from around the world and to
grow large amounts of cancer-causing viruses. As a result, thousands of
liters of dangerous man-made viruses were adapted to human cells and shipped
around the world to various laboratories. The annual reports of the SVCP
contain proof that species jumping of animal viruses was a common occurrence
in labs a decade before AIDS.
The SVCP gathered together the nation's top virologists, biochemists,
immunologists, molecular biologists, and epidemiologists, to determine the
role of viruses and retroviruses in the production of human cancer. Many of
the most prestigious medical institutions were involved in this program.
Connected with the SVCP were the most famous future American AIDS
scientists, such as Robert Gallo (the co-discoverer of HIV), Max Essex of
"cat AIDS" fame, and Peter Duesberg, who claims HIV does not cause AIDS.
Gallo and Essex were also the first to promote the widely accepted African
green monkey theory of AIDS. This theory was proven erroneous as far back as
1988, but was heavily circulated among AIDS educators and the media until
the theory was superceded by the chimp theory in the late 1990s.
Biowarfare research, primate research and the SVCP
Also joining forces with the SVCP at the NCI were the military's biological
warfare researchers. On October 18, 1971, President Richard Nixon announced
that the army's biowarfare laboratories at nearby Fort Detrick, Maryland,
would be converted to cancer research. As part of Nixon's so-called War on
Cancer, the military biowarfare unit was retitled the new Frederick Cancer
Research Center, and Litton Bionetics was named as the military's prime
contractor for this project.
According to the 1971 SVPC annual report, the primary task of the now
jointly connected National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Center
was "the large scale production of oncogenic (cancer-causing) and suspected
oncogenic viruses to meet research needs on a continuing basis." Special
attention was given to primate viruses (the alleged African source of HIV)
and "the successful propagation of significant amounts of human candidate
viruses." Candidate viruses were animal or human viruses that might cause
human cancers.
For these experiments a steady supply of research animals (monkeys,
chimpanzees, mice, and cats) was necessary; and multiple breeding colonies
were established for the SVCP. Primates were shipped in from West Africa and
Asia for experimentation; and virus-infected animals were shipped out to
various labs worldwide.
By 1971, a total of 2,274 primates had been inoculated at Bionetics Research
Laboratories, under contract to Fort Detrick. Over 1000 of these monkeys had
already died or had been transferred to other primate centers. (Some animals
were eventually released back into the wild). By the early 1970s,
experimenters had transferred cancer-causing viruses into several species of
monkeys, and had also isolated a monkey virus (Herpesvirus saimiri) that
would have a close genetic relationship to the new Kaposi's sarcoma herpes
virus that produced the "gay cancer" of AIDS in 1979.
In order to induce primates and other research animals to acquire cancer,
their immune system was deliberately suppressed by drugs, radiation, or
cancer-causing chemicals or substances. The thymus gland and/or the spleen
were removed, and viruses were injected into newborn animals or into the
womb of pregnant animals. Some animals were injected with malaria to keep
them chronically sick and immunodepressed.
The U.S. is the world's leading consumer of primates, and 55,000 are used
yearly in medical research. Primates (especially newborn and baby
chimpanzees) are the most favored lab animals because they are similar
biochemically and immunologically to human beings. Humans share 98.4% of
their DNA with chimpanzees. Chimps were extensively used by SVCP because
there would be no official testing of "candidate" lab viruses on humans.
In the decade before AIDS, Gallo was a project officer of a primate study
contracted by Bionetics that pumped cancerous human tissue, as well as a
variety of chicken and monkey viruses, into newborn macaques (a small
species of monkey that carries a close relative of the KS virus).
Recorded in the 1971 SVCP report (NIH-71-2025), Gallo's project notes state:
"Inasmuch as tests for the biological activity of candidate human viruses
will not be tested in the human species, it is imperative that another
system be developed for these determinations, and subsequently for the
evaluation of vaccines or other measures of control. The close phylogenetic
relationship of the lower primates to man justifies utilization of these
animals for these purposes."
Researchers at Bionetics injected human and animal cancer material into
various species of monkeys to determine the cancer effect. Newborn and
irradiated monkeys were injected with blood ("using multiple sites and
volumes as large as possible") taken from various forms of human leukemia.
In other studies, tissue cultures infected with various animal viruses were
inoculated into primates. How many "new" and "emerging" viruses were created
and adapted to human tissue and to various primates is not known. Some
primates were released back into the wild carrying lab viruses with them.
The possible spread of these lab viruses to other animals in the wild has
been ignored by scientists searching for the origin of HIV and its close
relatives in African animals.
Cats were also bred for leukemia and sarcoma cancer studies. Germ free
colonies of inbred mice were established. Mouse cancer viruses were
manipulated to produce resistant and non-resistant strains. These adapted
viruses would be employed in the 1980s in human gene replacement
experiments. Such experiments utilized a weakened strain of the mouse
leukemia virus to infect and "taxi-in" the missing genes to
genetically-defective human beings.
The end of the SVCP and the birth of AIDS
By 1977 the SVCP came to an inglorious end. According to Gallo,
"Scientifically, the problem was that no one could supply clear evidence of
any kind of human tumor virus, not even a DNA virus, and most researchers
refused to concede that viruses played any role in human cancers.
Politically, the Virus Cancer Program was vulnerable because it attracted a
great deal of money and attention and had failed to produce dramatic,
visible results."
Despite all this, the SVCP was the birthplace of genetic engineering,
molecular biology, and the human genome project. More than any other program
it built up the field of animal retrovirology, which led to the vital
understanding of cancer and immunosuppressive retroviruses in humans. As the
SVCP was winding down, thousands of gay men were signing up as guinea pigs
in government-sponsored hepatitis B vaccine experiments in New York, Los
Angeles, and San Francisco. These same cities would soon become the three
primary epicenters for the new "gay-related immune deficiency syndrome,"
later known as AIDS.
Two years after the termination of the SCVP, the introduction of HIV into
gay men (along with a herpes virus and a mycoplasma) miraculously revived
retroviral research and made Gallo the most famous scientist in the world.
Could virus-contaminated hepatitis vaccines lie at the root of AIDS? In the
early 1970s the hepatitis B vaccine was developed in chimpanzees. To this
day, some people are fearful about taking the hepatitis B vaccine because of
its original connection to gay men and AIDS.
Was HIV (and the KS herpes virus and a new mycoplasma) introduced into gays
during these vaccine trials when thousands of homosexuals were injected in
Manhattan beginning in 1978, and in the West Coast cities in 1980-1981?
As mentioned, the first gay AIDS cases erupted in Manhattan a few months
after the gay experiment began at the NY Blood Center. When a blood test for
HIV became available in the mid-1980s, the Center's stored gay blood
specimens were reexamined. Most astonishing is the statistically significant
fact that 20% of the gay men who volunteered for the hepatitis B experiment
in New York were discovered to be HIV-positive in 1980 (a year before the
AIDS epidemic became "official" in 1981). This signifies that Manhattan gays
in 1980 had the highest incidence of HIV anywhere in the world, including
Africa, the supposed birthplace of HIV and AIDS. And epidemic cases in
Africa did not appear until 1982.
Although denied by the AIDS establishment, a few researchers are convinced
that these vaccine experiments served as the vehicle through which HIV was
introduced into the gay population. My own extensive research into the
hepatitis B experiments is presented in AIDS and the Doctors of Death: An
Inquiry into the Origin of the AIDS Epidemic [1988], and in Queer Blood: The
Secret AIDS Genocide Plot [1993].
These books also debunk the preposterous "Patient Zero" story of 1987, which
claimed a promiscuous gay Canadian airline steward brought AIDS to America.
The highly implausible story was sensationalized in the media and served to
further obscure the origin of AIDS in America and blame gay promiscuity.
Even Montagnier is doubtful that the U.S. epidemic could have developed from
a single patient.
Never mentioned by proponents of the chimp theory is the fact that the New
York Blood Center established a chimp virus laboratory in West Africa in
1974. One of the purposes of VILAB II, at the Liberian Institute for
Biomedical Research in Robertsfield, Liberia, was to develop the hepatitis B
vaccine in chimps. A few years later this vaccine was inoculated into gays
at the Center.
Chimps were captured from various parts of West Africa and brought to VILAB.
Alfred Prince, Head of virology at the NY Blood Center, has been the
director of Vilab for the past 25 years. The lab prides itself by releasing
"reha bilitated" chimps back into the wild.
Also closely allied with "pre-AIDS" development of a hepatitis B vaccine is
the little publicized primate colony outside New York City called LEMSIP
(the Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery). Until disbanded in
1997, LEMSIP supplied New York area scientists with primates and primate
parts for transplantation and virus research.
Founded in 1965, LEMSIP was affiliated with the New York University Medical
Center, where the first cases of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma were
discovered in 1979. Researchers at NYU Medical Center were also heavily
involved in the development of the experimental hepatitis B vaccine used in
gays; and the Medical Center received government grants and contracts
connected with biological warfare research beginning in 1969, according to
Leonard Horowitz, author of Emerging Viruses: AIDS and Ebola [1996].
Scientific disinformation and the 1959 HIV-positive blood test from Africa
By predating HIV back to the 1930s, the chimp theory effectively discredits
the man-made theory of AIDS, which dates the introduction of HIV to the late
1970s. Only time will tell whether the chimp theory will hold up to further
scientific scrutiny.
Conspiracy theorists believe some wildly popular AIDS origin stories in the
press reek of scientific disinformation. One example is the Patient Zero
story. Another is the media blitz surrounding the English sailor who
supposedly contracted AIDS in 1959. This now-disproven story made worldwide
headlines in 1990 and obviously served to contradict the underground
conspiracy theory (particularly among African-Americans) that AIDS was
man-made.
The New York Times (July 24, 1990) declared:
"The case also refutes the widely publicized charges made by Soviet
officials several years ago that AIDS arose from a virus that had escaped
from a laboratory experiment that went awry or was a biological warfare
agent. The human retrovirus group to which the AIDS virus belongs was
unknown at the time. Nor did scientists then have the genetic engineering
techniques needed to create a virus."
Several years later, the case was discovered to be not a case of AIDS
because the sailor's tissue remains were accidentally (or deliberately)
contaminated with HIV.
In 1998 the media alerted the public to further evidence that AIDS started
in Africa. The proof consisted of an old 1959 stored frozen blood specimen
discovered to be HIV-positive. Researchers claimed the tiny amount of serum
contained fragments of HIV "closely related" to a virus found in 3
chimpanzees in the African wild and in the frozen remains of a chimp named
Marilyn, discovered in a freezer at Fort Detrick.
The 1959 specimen was obtained from a Bantu man living in Kinshasa, the
Congo. His name and health status were not recorded. Details of the history
and testing of this specimen (later heralded as the "world's oldest
HIV-positive blood sample") are recorded in The River: A Journey to the
Source of HIV and AIDS [1999], by journalist Edward Hooper who theorizes
that HIV was introduced into Africans via the polio vaccine programs in the
late 1950s. Hooper claims the polio vaccine was prepared using chimp kidney
cells contaminated with the ancestor virus of HIV.
When tested for HIV in the mid-1980s, the 1959 blood sample was the only
specimen out of 700 stored frozen Congo bloods that tested positive for HIV.
Originally collected by Arno Motulsky on a Rockefeller grant, the African
sample was one of many sent to the University of Washington in Seattle and
used for genetic testing and included in a report, "Population Genetic
Studies," published in 1966. Around 1970, the remaining 672 frozen bloods
were flown to Emory University in Atlanta for further genetic tests.
In 1985 the specimens again changed hands, this time for HIV testing by
Andre Nahmias, a virologist and animal researcher associated with the Yerkes
Primate Center at Emory. The Congo specimens were tested along with 500
other blood specimens taken from blacks living in sub-Saharan Africa between
the years 1959 and 1982. Initially over 90% of specimens taken in 1959
tested positive for HIV by the ELISA test. However, these HIV-positive tests
were later determined to be false-positive. After the examinations at Emory,
the specimens were shipped to Harvard University in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, for HIV testing in Max Essex' lab.
Three specimens initially tested HIV-positive, but finally only the 1959
specimen from the unidentified Bantu man was confirmed HIV- positive. Around
the time of these examinations, Essex's lab was unknowingly contaminated
with primate viruses.
In 1986, Essex discovered a new "human" AIDS virus that later proved to be a
contaminating monkey virus. The source of the primate virus traced back to a
captive monkey at a primate center in nearby Southborough, Massachusetts.
This primate contamination at his lab resulted in the erroneous green monkey
theory, heavily popularized by Gallo and the media.
Also unpublicized is the little known fact that Gallo's lab at the National
Cancer Institute was plagued with contamination by primate viruses. In 1975
he reported a new human "HL-23" virus that eventually proved to be three
contaminating ape primate viruses (gibbon-ape virus, simian sarcoma virus,
and baboon endogenous virus). Gallo claims he has no idea how these viruses
contaminated his research.
In 1996 Hooper convinced Nahmias to turn over the remaining 1959 specimen to
David Ho of Rockefeller University in Manhattan for PCR testing. In 1996 Ho
was named Time magazine's "Man of the Year", at a time when few people had
ever heard of him. Ho is also the director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS
Research Center, affiliated with Rockefeller University since 1996. The
Diamond Center is also now connected with the New York Blood Center, home of
the gay vaccine experiments that gave birth to AIDS.
Ho determined the tiny amount of the remaining specimen did not contain live
virus, nor was the complete virion of the virus present. Instead, some
fragments of the virus (about 15% of the total genome) were tested and
presented to the scientific world as the oldest specimen of HIV in the
world. Ho's PCR results cannot be confirmed by independent investigators
because the 1959 specimen is now totally used up.
When published in the journal Nature on February 5, 1998 ("An African HIV-1
sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic"),
Hooper's name appeared on the report, along with Ho, Bette Korber, Nahmias,
and others, The report was heavily publicized as proof that HIV existed in
the African population in 1959.
Although there are no HIV-positive tissue specimens from Africa from the
1960s and 1970s, and no proven cases of AIDS either, Hooper relies heavily
on this 1959 test to support his theory that HIV entered the African
population via the polio vaccines programs in the late 1950s.
In The River Hooper quickly dismisses the claims of physician Robert
Strecker, the first whistle-blower of man-made AIDS, as well as the research
in Horowitz's Emerging Viruses, and in my own books, AIDS & The Doctors of
Death, and Queer Blood.
In condemning AIDS biowarfare research, Hooper declares, "Sadly, supporters
of the Streckers have continued to peddle their ill-informed and outdated
versions of the myth, blaming variously the Soviets, the CIA, the Germans,
and the World Health Organization (WHO) well into the nineties." He
dismisses the hepatitis B vaccine connection to AIDS by noting that only two
of the 826 gay vaccinees had developed AIDS by 1983.
Hooper ignores the fact that by 1981 over 20% of the men in the trials were
HIV-positive and that by 1982, over 30% of the men were HIV-positive. He
dismisses the World Health Organization's African smallpox vaccine
connection by saying, "there is no reason for either HIV or SIV [simian
immunodeficiency virus] to be accidentally present in the vaccine." Hooper
fails to consider the possibility that the vaccines could have been
deliberately contaminated with HIV. Hooper has been a United Nations
official, but no details of this are included in his book .
Despite his massive research, Hooper seems naïve about the continuing
transfer of viruses between various primate species at primate centers. For
example, in 1995 he interviewed Preston Marx at LEMSIP. At that time Marx
was a representative of David Ho's organization, the Aaron Diamond Research
Center.
Hooper writes:
"I was shocked by the cavalier way in which tissues and sera from one
species had been introduced into other species, long after the risks of
cross-species transfer had been highlighted by the SV40 [polio vaccine]
debacle, and I was astonished that survivors from troops that had been
stricken by mystery illnesses could have been casually sold to other
centers, for use in experiments there. Furthermore, this apparent lack of
monitoring and central control seemed to be echoed in other fields, like
xenotransplantation (the transplanting of organ or cells from one species to
another) - and here, of course, the implications were even more
frightening."
By predating his polio vaccine theory back to the late 1950s, Hooper greatly
simplified his theory of AIDS origin. He ignored all those animal viruses
that were placed into human tissue in the 60s and 70s, and all those
dangerous viral creations that were genetically altered for cancer research,
vaccine research, and secret biological warfare.
The chimp in the freezer at Fort Detrick
On February 1, 1999 Lawrence K Altman, longtime physician-writer for The New
York Times, dutifully reported "the riddle of the origin of the AIDS virus
has apparently been solved." A team of researchers, headed by Beatrice Hahn
at the University of Alabama, performed viral studies on three chimps in the
African wild and had also studied the frozen remains of a chimp, discovered
by accident in a freezer at Fort Detrick. The chimp had tested positive for
HIV in 1985. On the basis of all this research, Hahn declared that a common
subspecies of chimp (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) was the animal source of
the virus "most closely " related to HIV.
In a media blitz U.S. government scientists presented a phylogenetic
ancestral "family tree" of primate viruses (which few people could
understand) to prove that HIV was genetically descended from a chimp virus
in the African bush. Molecular analysis of virus genetic data, performed by
Bette Korber and the supercomputer Nirvana at the Los Alamos National Labor
atory in New Mexico, indicated that HIV had jumped species from a chimp to a
human in Africa around the year 1930. (Los Alamos is the official home of
nuclear bomb-building, alleged Chinese spies, and the laboratory which
directed secret human radiation experiments on unsuspecting civilians from
the 1940s up to the beginning of the AIDS epidemic.)
Beatrice Hahn theorized that the epidemic started when a hunter cut himself
while butchering chimp meat and subsequently became infected. Scientists
readily accepted Hahn's notion that the AIDS virus and its closest relatives
jumped species from chimps to humans on multiple occasions, thereby
explaining the origin of the three separate subtypes of HIV-1 (M, N, and O),
as well as HIV-2.
Chimps in West Africa are hunted for food, as well as for medical
experimentation. Young chimps are especially prized for scientific research
and are usually caught by shooting their mothers. Many die from stress and
inhumane conditions during capture and transport to laboratories and zoos in
Western nations.
Due to all this killing, chimps are now an endangered species. During the
past century the African chimp population has dropped from two million to
less than 150,000. Despite the mass killing of chimps, they are still blamed
for causing the worldwide epidemic of AIDS.
Beatrice Hahn is no stranger to primate theories, having worked in Gallo's
lab when he was heavily promoting the green monkey theory in the mid-1980s
and the "close relationship" of the monkey virus to HIV. Now Hahn's virus
was claimed to be a closer relative than the contaminating monkey virus in
Essex' lab that formed the basis of the false green monkey theory.
Media journalists paid no attention to these discrepancies. Hahn's new chimp
findings, along with the old 1959 blood specimen, fully convinced the AIDS
establishment, and an adoring media, that Africa was indeed the source of
HIV and the AIDS epidemic.
The 2000 London Origin of AIDS Conference
When Hooper's book appeared in the fall of 1998, molecular scientists
quickly used the new chimp virus data to completely discredit Hooper's polio
vaccine theory. AIDS in Africa could not be caused by a virus jumping
species in the 50s if it had already jumped species back in the 1930s.
Researchers refused to believe scientists could have played any role in the
origin of HIV and AIDS.
Hooper bypassed the biowarfare theory by predating HIV back to the 50s. Now
scientists bypassed Hooper by dating HIV back several decades earlier. The
fact that there was no African epidemic until the early 1980s did not seem
pertinent. To make their view official, a small group of scientists proposed
an "invitation only" meeting to settle the origin matter once and for all.
In October 2000 the Royal Society of London held a two-day conference on the
origins of HIV. Obviously, the biowarfare theory of AIDS was not discussed.
On the contrary, one professor emphatically declared "all human infectious
diseases have an animal origin." Although there never was a disease like
AIDS (until scientists started to flagrantly pass viruses around to
repeatedly break the species barrier ), the same professor declared that
"natural transfer of these infections is a common event in animal
populations."
Using the viral fragments from the 1959 specimen and comparing them with the
select viruses contained in the data bank at Los Alamos , Betty Korber
refined her computer calculations to establish a likely date of 1940, "with
confidence levels extending from 1871 to 1955." The Rega Institute in
Antwerp estimated the transfer could have occurred between 1590 and 1760,
with 1675 the most likely date.
Hooper spoke but his views were largely ignored by the molecular biologists.
Preston Marx warned about more human diseases caused by viruses emerging
from primates, None of the speakers mentioned what happened to the thousands
of liters of animal viruses that were passed around the world by the Special
Virus Cancer Program in the decade before AIDS.
Instead, the London conferees alerted the public to a new view of medical
science, championed by the virologists. The "Last Word" at the conference
was that "all human viral infections were initially zoonotic (animal) in
origin. Animals will always provide a reservoir for viruses that could
threaten human populations in the future." And the scientists predicted:
"There is still a myriad of current unknown viruses in animal populations on
land, sea, and air with the potential to cause human disease." Apparently,
none of these viruses were in animal laboratories.
AIDS, cancer, genetic science and covert human medical experimentation
Although rejected completely by most scientists, the man-made theory of AIDS
is a rational explanation for the origin of HIV. This theory is partly based
on an awareness of the gene-polluting activities and species jumping virus
experiments of irresponsible scientists during the two decades before the
epidemic.
In addition, the record clearly shows that scientists and biowarfare
scientists experiment secretly on unsuspecting people. Horrific aspects of
the Cold War Human Radiation Experiments attest to the fact that covert
medical experimentation is not an "X-Files" fantasy or a totally paranoid
belief.
It is easy to understand why researchers might want to obscure the man-made
origin for AIDS and blame primates. It is now apparent that most of the
major researchers promoting the African primate origin of AIDS were
connected with the largely secret Special Virus Cancer Program, or are
scientists involved in the transfer of viruses in animal research,
particularly primate research.
From the very beginning of the epidemic, researchers disclaimed any
connection between AIDS and cancer, as well as any connection between HIV
and animal retrovirus cancer research. In 1984, Gallo originally named HIV a
cancer-causing "leukemia/lymphoma" virus. To obscure the cancer connection,
the name was immediately changed to "lymphotropic" virus.
My own Kaposi's sarcoma research, first published in medical journals in
1981, showed "cancer-associated bacteria" as possible infectious agents in
"classic" KS tumors. Before HIV was discovered in 1984, additional papers in
1982 and 1983 showed similar cancer bacteria in the enlarged lymph nodes and
KS tumors of gay men with "gay cancer" and AIDS. Since the 1950s,
cancer-associated bacteria have been linked to viruses, as well as to
mycoplasmas. This aspect of cancer research has been suppressed for decades
by the cancer establishment. A history of this research and its relevancy to
AIDS is the subject of my books, AIDS: The Mystery and the Solution [1984]
and The Cancer Microbe: The Hidden Killer in Cancer, AIDS and Other Immune
Diseases [1990].
Gallo, in his 1991 book, falsely claims that no infectious agent had ever
been found in KS. The refusal of AIDS scientists to recognize cancer microbe
research, published in peer reviewed scientific journals, is a further
indication that the AIDS establishment seeks to control all aspects of HIV
research in such a way as to never connect the origin of AIDS with previous
cancer research and covert biological warfare research. This cover-up
conceals the possibility that AIDS, in reality, is a new man-made form of
infectious and contagious cancer.
Could a small coterie of government scientists concoct a bogus (but
scientifically plausible) primate theory of AIDS origin and bamboozle the
public to believe it in order to cover-up the truth?
In the 1930s the highly respected German scientific community was entirely
transformed by fascist beliefs proclaiming the genetic inferiority of the
Jews and the genetic superiority of the German Master Race. This Nazi
takeover of science and the media eventually led to the murder of millions
in the Holocaust. Could the genetic science surrounding the origin of AIDS
obscure a genocidal and world depopulation program of man-made origin? It is
time for the man-made theory of HIV to be examined fairly.
Proponents of this theory should not be dismissed as paranoid conspiracy
theorists; and AIDS educators should educate themselves about this hidden
history of AIDS and its implications for the origin of HIV.
How many more species jumping viruses will we have to endure before we
question the integrity and the agenda of scientists who still blissfully
jump viruses between species in animal laboratories?
Lawrence K. Altman, the Times reporter who in 1999 wrote that the origin of
the AIDS virus was solved, recently asked "Where did AIDS come from?" Now
seemingly undecided, Altman answers, "We can only guess. Determining the
answer would be important because discovering how AIDS came to be an
epidemic might prevent a similar catastrophe in the future." ("The AIDS
questions that linger," January 30, 2001).
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out how researchers could have
created HIV and how they could have transferred the virus to gay and blacks
in a covert medical experimentation for genocidal or population control
purposes.
The secrecy and scientific disinformation surrounding the Human Radiation
Experiments of the Cold War era has taught us how easily government
scientists can fool the public on scientific matters. And when it comes to
scientific monkey business, researchers know that most people are chumps.
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Dr. Alan Cantwell is a retired dermatologist and AIDS and cancer researcher,
who has written extensively on the man-made origin of AIDS. E-mail address:
***@aol.com Dr, Cantwell's books are available toll-free in the USA
from Book Clearing House @ 1-800-431-1579, and on the internet at Amazon.com
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REFERENCES:
Cantwell AR Jr: Bacteriologic investigation and histologic observations of
variably acid-fact bacteria in three cases of Kaposi's sarcoma. Growth 45:
79-89, 1981.
Cantwell AR Jr: Necroscopic findings of pleomorphic, variably acid-fast
bacteria in a fatal case of Kaposi's sarcoma. Journal of Dermatologic
Surgery and Oncology 7: 923-930, 1981.
Cantwell AR Jr: Variably acid-fast bacteria in vivo in a case of reactive
lymph node hyperplasia occurring in a young male homosexual. Growth 46:
331-336, 1982.
Cantwell AR Jr: Kaposi's sarcoma and variably acid-fast bacteria in vivo in
two homosexual men. Cutis 32: 58-74, 1983.
Cantwell AR Jr: Necroscopic findings of variably acid-fast bacteria in a
fatal case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma.
Growth 47: 129-134, 1983.
Cantwell Jr, A: AIDS:The Mystery & the Solution. Los Angeles: Aries Rising
Press, 1984.
Cantwell Jr, A: AIDS & The Doctors of Death: An Inquiry into the Origin of
the AIDS Epidemic. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1988.
Cantwell Jr, A: The Cancer Microbe. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1990.
Cantwell Jr, A: Queer Blood: The Secret AIDS Genocide Plot. Los Angeles:
Aries Rising Press, 1993.
Cantwell AR Jr: "Gay cancer, emerging viruses, and AIDS." New Dawn
(Melbourne), Sept 1998.
Faden RR (Chair): The Human Radiation Experiments: Final Report of the
President's Advisory Committee. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Gallo R: Virus Hunting: AIDS, Cancer and the Human Retrovirus. New York:
Basic Books, 1991.
Hooper E: The River: A Journey to the Source of HIV and AIDS. Boston, MA:
Little, Brown and Company, 1999
Horowitz LG: Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola. Rockport, MA: Tetrahedron
Publishing Group, 1996.
Lee RE: AIDS: An Explosion of the Biological Time-Bomb? Biographical
Publishing Company, Prospect, CT, 2000.
Montagnier L: Virus. New York: WW Norton Co, Inc, 2000. Special Virus Cancer
Program (Progress Report #8). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health,
August 1971.
Source Paranoia magazine
[Home] [Dr Cantwell] [Mycoplasma]
Are species-jumping animal virus experiments responsible for the HIV
Holocaust?
by Alan Cantwell, M.D.
Dr. Alan Cantwell writes on AIDS-origin theories
Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic there have been persistent rumors
that the disease was man-made, and that HIV was deliberately "introduced"
into the American gay and the African black populations as a germ warfare
experiment. This so-called conspiracy theory was quickly squelched by
virologists and molecular biolologists, who blamed primates in the African
bush and human sexuality for the introduction and spread of HIV.
In the fall of 1986 the Soviets shocked the world by claiming that HIV was
secretly developed at Fort Detrick, the U.S. Army's biological warfare unit.
Although the claim was dismissed as "infectious propaganda", Russian
scientists had worked hand in hand with biological warfare scientists in the
transfer of viruses and virus-infected tissue into various non-human
primates (monkeys, apes, chimps) during the 1970s before AIDS appeared. With
improved international relationships, the Russian accusation vanished.
Although evidence supporting the man-made theory has never been mentioned in
the major U.S. media, the theory continues to be ridiculed. For example, in
the San Francisco Chronicle,( "Quest for the Origin of AIDS", January 14,
2001), William Carlsen writes: "In the early years of the AIDS epidemic,
theories attempting to explain the origin of the disease ranged from the
comic to the bizarre: a deadly germ escaped from a secret CIA laboratory;
God sent the plague down to punish homosexuals and drug addicts; it came
from outer space, riding on the tail of a comet."
AIDS certainly did not come from the hand of God or outer space. However,
there is ample evidence to suspect the hand of man in the outbreak of AIDS
that first began in the late 1970s in New York City.
Creating AIDS in animals before the epidemic
In 1974 veterinarians actually created an AIDS-like disease when newborn
chimps were removed from their mothers and weaned exclusively on
virus-infected milk from cows infected with "bovine C-type virus." Within a
year the chimps died of leukemia and pneumocystis pneumonia (the "gay
pneumonia" of AIDS). Both diseases had never been observed in chimps before
this virus-transfer experiment.
Also downplayed is the laboratory creation of feline leukemia and "cat AIDS"
by the transfer of HIV-like cat retroviruses in the mid-1970s. These
experiments were conducted at Harvard by Myron (Max) Essex, later to become
a famous AIDS researcher. All this man-made creation of AIDS in laboratory
animals directly preceded the "mysterious" 1979 introduction of HIV into gay
men, the most hated minority in America.
Nowadays, scientists hunt for "ancestor" viruses of HIV in chimps in the
African wild and ignore all the immunosuppressive viruses that were created
in virus laboratories shortly before AIDS. No consideration is given to any
of these lab viruses as possible man-made ancestors of the many "strains" of
HIV (and HIV-2) that jumped species to produce AIDS in humans.
The gay experiments that preceded AIDS (1978-1981)
Scientists also discount any connection between the official outbreak of
AIDS in 1981 and the experimental hepatitis B vaccine program (1978-1981) at
the New York Blood Center in Manhattan that used gays as guinea pigs shortly
before the epidemic. Curiously, the exact origin of AIDS in the United
States remains unstudied. Health authorities simply blame promiscuous gay
men, but never adequately explain how a black heterosexual African disease
could have transformed itself exclusively into a white young gay male
disease in Manhattan.
Researchers claim HIV incubated in Africa for more that a half century until
AIDS broke out there in 1982. However, in the U.S. there was no incubation
period for gay men. As soon as homosexuals signed up as guinea pigs for
government-sponsored hepatitis B vaccine experiments, they began to die with
a strange virus of unknown origin. The hepatitis B experiments began in
Manhattan in the fall of 1978; the first few cases of AIDS (all young gays
from Manhattan) were reported to the CDC in 1979.
Scientists have also failed to explain how a brand new herpes virus was also
introduced exclusively into gays, along with HIV, in the late 1970s. This
herpes virus is now believed to be the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma, the
so-called "gay cancer" of AIDS. Before AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma was never seen
in healthy young men. Identified a decade after HIV, in 1994, this KS virus
is closely related to a primate cancer-causing herpes virus extensively
studied and transferred in animal laboratories in the decade before AIDS.
Also downplayed to the public is a new microbe (Mycoplasma penetrans), also
of unknown origin, that was introduced into homosexuals, along with HIV and
the new herpes virus. Thus, not one but three new infectious agents were
inexplicably transferred into the gay population at the start of the
epidemic (HIV, the herpes KS virus, and M.penetrans).
In his book, Virus [2000], Luc Montagnier (the French virologist who
co-discovered HIV) blames promiscuous American gay tourists for bringing
this new mycoplasma to Africa, and for bringing back HIV. He provides no
evidence for this homophobic theory. Nor does he mention the various
mycoplasmas that were passed around in the 1970s in scientific labs, and the
fact that these microbes were frequent contaminants in virus cultures and
vaccines.
Why are all these simultaneous introductions of new infectious agents into
gay men ignored by scientists? Surely a credible explanation would be
important in determining the origin of HIV and AIDS.
Why are scientists so opposed to the man-made theory? And why do they
believe so passionately in the chimp theory? One explanation might be that
scientists don't want the public to know what happened to the tens of
thousands of imported primates who were held captive in laboratories
throughout the world in the decade before AIDS.
The forgotten Special Virus Cancer Program (1964-1977)
Rarely mentioned by AIDS scientists and media reporters is the fact that
surgeons have been transplanting chimpanzee parts (and chimp viruses) into
people for decades. When Keith Reemtsma died in June 2000, at age 74, he was
hailed as a pioneer in cross-species organ transplants (now known as
xenotransplantation). By 1964 he had already placed six chimpanzee kidneys
into six patients. All his patients died, but eventually Reemtsma succeeded
in many successful human-to-human organ transplants.
Much more likely to have spread primate (chimp and monkey) viruses to human
beings is the largely forgotten Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP). This
research program was responsible for the development, the production, the
seeding, and the deployment of various animal cancer and immunosuppressive
AIDS-like viruses and retroviruses. These laboratory created viruses were
capable of inducing disease when transferred between animal species and also
when transplanted into human cells and tissue.
The SVCP began in 1964 as a government-funded program of the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) in Bethesda, Maryland. Originally designed to study
leukemia, the program was soon enlarged to study all forms of cancer. The
scope of the program was international and included scientists from Japan,
Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, Israel, and Africa. The mission of the SVCP
was to collect various human and animal cancers from around the world and to
grow large amounts of cancer-causing viruses. As a result, thousands of
liters of dangerous man-made viruses were adapted to human cells and shipped
around the world to various laboratories. The annual reports of the SVCP
contain proof that species jumping of animal viruses was a common occurrence
in labs a decade before AIDS.
The SVCP gathered together the nation's top virologists, biochemists,
immunologists, molecular biologists, and epidemiologists, to determine the
role of viruses and retroviruses in the production of human cancer. Many of
the most prestigious medical institutions were involved in this program.
Connected with the SVCP were the most famous future American AIDS
scientists, such as Robert Gallo (the co-discoverer of HIV), Max Essex of
"cat AIDS" fame, and Peter Duesberg, who claims HIV does not cause AIDS.
Gallo and Essex were also the first to promote the widely accepted African
green monkey theory of AIDS. This theory was proven erroneous as far back as
1988, but was heavily circulated among AIDS educators and the media until
the theory was superceded by the chimp theory in the late 1990s.
Biowarfare research, primate research and the SVCP
Also joining forces with the SVCP at the NCI were the military's biological
warfare researchers. On October 18, 1971, President Richard Nixon announced
that the army's biowarfare laboratories at nearby Fort Detrick, Maryland,
would be converted to cancer research. As part of Nixon's so-called War on
Cancer, the military biowarfare unit was retitled the new Frederick Cancer
Research Center, and Litton Bionetics was named as the military's prime
contractor for this project.
According to the 1971 SVPC annual report, the primary task of the now
jointly connected National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Center
was "the large scale production of oncogenic (cancer-causing) and suspected
oncogenic viruses to meet research needs on a continuing basis." Special
attention was given to primate viruses (the alleged African source of HIV)
and "the successful propagation of significant amounts of human candidate
viruses." Candidate viruses were animal or human viruses that might cause
human cancers.
For these experiments a steady supply of research animals (monkeys,
chimpanzees, mice, and cats) was necessary; and multiple breeding colonies
were established for the SVCP. Primates were shipped in from West Africa and
Asia for experimentation; and virus-infected animals were shipped out to
various labs worldwide.
By 1971, a total of 2,274 primates had been inoculated at Bionetics Research
Laboratories, under contract to Fort Detrick. Over 1000 of these monkeys had
already died or had been transferred to other primate centers. (Some animals
were eventually released back into the wild). By the early 1970s,
experimenters had transferred cancer-causing viruses into several species of
monkeys, and had also isolated a monkey virus (Herpesvirus saimiri) that
would have a close genetic relationship to the new Kaposi's sarcoma herpes
virus that produced the "gay cancer" of AIDS in 1979.
In order to induce primates and other research animals to acquire cancer,
their immune system was deliberately suppressed by drugs, radiation, or
cancer-causing chemicals or substances. The thymus gland and/or the spleen
were removed, and viruses were injected into newborn animals or into the
womb of pregnant animals. Some animals were injected with malaria to keep
them chronically sick and immunodepressed.
The U.S. is the world's leading consumer of primates, and 55,000 are used
yearly in medical research. Primates (especially newborn and baby
chimpanzees) are the most favored lab animals because they are similar
biochemically and immunologically to human beings. Humans share 98.4% of
their DNA with chimpanzees. Chimps were extensively used by SVCP because
there would be no official testing of "candidate" lab viruses on humans.
In the decade before AIDS, Gallo was a project officer of a primate study
contracted by Bionetics that pumped cancerous human tissue, as well as a
variety of chicken and monkey viruses, into newborn macaques (a small
species of monkey that carries a close relative of the KS virus).
Recorded in the 1971 SVCP report (NIH-71-2025), Gallo's project notes state:
"Inasmuch as tests for the biological activity of candidate human viruses
will not be tested in the human species, it is imperative that another
system be developed for these determinations, and subsequently for the
evaluation of vaccines or other measures of control. The close phylogenetic
relationship of the lower primates to man justifies utilization of these
animals for these purposes."
Researchers at Bionetics injected human and animal cancer material into
various species of monkeys to determine the cancer effect. Newborn and
irradiated monkeys were injected with blood ("using multiple sites and
volumes as large as possible") taken from various forms of human leukemia.
In other studies, tissue cultures infected with various animal viruses were
inoculated into primates. How many "new" and "emerging" viruses were created
and adapted to human tissue and to various primates is not known. Some
primates were released back into the wild carrying lab viruses with them.
The possible spread of these lab viruses to other animals in the wild has
been ignored by scientists searching for the origin of HIV and its close
relatives in African animals.
Cats were also bred for leukemia and sarcoma cancer studies. Germ free
colonies of inbred mice were established. Mouse cancer viruses were
manipulated to produce resistant and non-resistant strains. These adapted
viruses would be employed in the 1980s in human gene replacement
experiments. Such experiments utilized a weakened strain of the mouse
leukemia virus to infect and "taxi-in" the missing genes to
genetically-defective human beings.
The end of the SVCP and the birth of AIDS
By 1977 the SVCP came to an inglorious end. According to Gallo,
"Scientifically, the problem was that no one could supply clear evidence of
any kind of human tumor virus, not even a DNA virus, and most researchers
refused to concede that viruses played any role in human cancers.
Politically, the Virus Cancer Program was vulnerable because it attracted a
great deal of money and attention and had failed to produce dramatic,
visible results."
Despite all this, the SVCP was the birthplace of genetic engineering,
molecular biology, and the human genome project. More than any other program
it built up the field of animal retrovirology, which led to the vital
understanding of cancer and immunosuppressive retroviruses in humans. As the
SVCP was winding down, thousands of gay men were signing up as guinea pigs
in government-sponsored hepatitis B vaccine experiments in New York, Los
Angeles, and San Francisco. These same cities would soon become the three
primary epicenters for the new "gay-related immune deficiency syndrome,"
later known as AIDS.
Two years after the termination of the SCVP, the introduction of HIV into
gay men (along with a herpes virus and a mycoplasma) miraculously revived
retroviral research and made Gallo the most famous scientist in the world.
Could virus-contaminated hepatitis vaccines lie at the root of AIDS? In the
early 1970s the hepatitis B vaccine was developed in chimpanzees. To this
day, some people are fearful about taking the hepatitis B vaccine because of
its original connection to gay men and AIDS.
Was HIV (and the KS herpes virus and a new mycoplasma) introduced into gays
during these vaccine trials when thousands of homosexuals were injected in
Manhattan beginning in 1978, and in the West Coast cities in 1980-1981?
As mentioned, the first gay AIDS cases erupted in Manhattan a few months
after the gay experiment began at the NY Blood Center. When a blood test for
HIV became available in the mid-1980s, the Center's stored gay blood
specimens were reexamined. Most astonishing is the statistically significant
fact that 20% of the gay men who volunteered for the hepatitis B experiment
in New York were discovered to be HIV-positive in 1980 (a year before the
AIDS epidemic became "official" in 1981). This signifies that Manhattan gays
in 1980 had the highest incidence of HIV anywhere in the world, including
Africa, the supposed birthplace of HIV and AIDS. And epidemic cases in
Africa did not appear until 1982.
Although denied by the AIDS establishment, a few researchers are convinced
that these vaccine experiments served as the vehicle through which HIV was
introduced into the gay population. My own extensive research into the
hepatitis B experiments is presented in AIDS and the Doctors of Death: An
Inquiry into the Origin of the AIDS Epidemic [1988], and in Queer Blood: The
Secret AIDS Genocide Plot [1993].
These books also debunk the preposterous "Patient Zero" story of 1987, which
claimed a promiscuous gay Canadian airline steward brought AIDS to America.
The highly implausible story was sensationalized in the media and served to
further obscure the origin of AIDS in America and blame gay promiscuity.
Even Montagnier is doubtful that the U.S. epidemic could have developed from
a single patient.
Never mentioned by proponents of the chimp theory is the fact that the New
York Blood Center established a chimp virus laboratory in West Africa in
1974. One of the purposes of VILAB II, at the Liberian Institute for
Biomedical Research in Robertsfield, Liberia, was to develop the hepatitis B
vaccine in chimps. A few years later this vaccine was inoculated into gays
at the Center.
Chimps were captured from various parts of West Africa and brought to VILAB.
Alfred Prince, Head of virology at the NY Blood Center, has been the
director of Vilab for the past 25 years. The lab prides itself by releasing
"reha bilitated" chimps back into the wild.
Also closely allied with "pre-AIDS" development of a hepatitis B vaccine is
the little publicized primate colony outside New York City called LEMSIP
(the Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery). Until disbanded in
1997, LEMSIP supplied New York area scientists with primates and primate
parts for transplantation and virus research.
Founded in 1965, LEMSIP was affiliated with the New York University Medical
Center, where the first cases of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma were
discovered in 1979. Researchers at NYU Medical Center were also heavily
involved in the development of the experimental hepatitis B vaccine used in
gays; and the Medical Center received government grants and contracts
connected with biological warfare research beginning in 1969, according to
Leonard Horowitz, author of Emerging Viruses: AIDS and Ebola [1996].
Scientific disinformation and the 1959 HIV-positive blood test from Africa
By predating HIV back to the 1930s, the chimp theory effectively discredits
the man-made theory of AIDS, which dates the introduction of HIV to the late
1970s. Only time will tell whether the chimp theory will hold up to further
scientific scrutiny.
Conspiracy theorists believe some wildly popular AIDS origin stories in the
press reek of scientific disinformation. One example is the Patient Zero
story. Another is the media blitz surrounding the English sailor who
supposedly contracted AIDS in 1959. This now-disproven story made worldwide
headlines in 1990 and obviously served to contradict the underground
conspiracy theory (particularly among African-Americans) that AIDS was
man-made.
The New York Times (July 24, 1990) declared:
"The case also refutes the widely publicized charges made by Soviet
officials several years ago that AIDS arose from a virus that had escaped
from a laboratory experiment that went awry or was a biological warfare
agent. The human retrovirus group to which the AIDS virus belongs was
unknown at the time. Nor did scientists then have the genetic engineering
techniques needed to create a virus."
Several years later, the case was discovered to be not a case of AIDS
because the sailor's tissue remains were accidentally (or deliberately)
contaminated with HIV.
In 1998 the media alerted the public to further evidence that AIDS started
in Africa. The proof consisted of an old 1959 stored frozen blood specimen
discovered to be HIV-positive. Researchers claimed the tiny amount of serum
contained fragments of HIV "closely related" to a virus found in 3
chimpanzees in the African wild and in the frozen remains of a chimp named
Marilyn, discovered in a freezer at Fort Detrick.
The 1959 specimen was obtained from a Bantu man living in Kinshasa, the
Congo. His name and health status were not recorded. Details of the history
and testing of this specimen (later heralded as the "world's oldest
HIV-positive blood sample") are recorded in The River: A Journey to the
Source of HIV and AIDS [1999], by journalist Edward Hooper who theorizes
that HIV was introduced into Africans via the polio vaccine programs in the
late 1950s. Hooper claims the polio vaccine was prepared using chimp kidney
cells contaminated with the ancestor virus of HIV.
When tested for HIV in the mid-1980s, the 1959 blood sample was the only
specimen out of 700 stored frozen Congo bloods that tested positive for HIV.
Originally collected by Arno Motulsky on a Rockefeller grant, the African
sample was one of many sent to the University of Washington in Seattle and
used for genetic testing and included in a report, "Population Genetic
Studies," published in 1966. Around 1970, the remaining 672 frozen bloods
were flown to Emory University in Atlanta for further genetic tests.
In 1985 the specimens again changed hands, this time for HIV testing by
Andre Nahmias, a virologist and animal researcher associated with the Yerkes
Primate Center at Emory. The Congo specimens were tested along with 500
other blood specimens taken from blacks living in sub-Saharan Africa between
the years 1959 and 1982. Initially over 90% of specimens taken in 1959
tested positive for HIV by the ELISA test. However, these HIV-positive tests
were later determined to be false-positive. After the examinations at Emory,
the specimens were shipped to Harvard University in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, for HIV testing in Max Essex' lab.
Three specimens initially tested HIV-positive, but finally only the 1959
specimen from the unidentified Bantu man was confirmed HIV- positive. Around
the time of these examinations, Essex's lab was unknowingly contaminated
with primate viruses.
In 1986, Essex discovered a new "human" AIDS virus that later proved to be a
contaminating monkey virus. The source of the primate virus traced back to a
captive monkey at a primate center in nearby Southborough, Massachusetts.
This primate contamination at his lab resulted in the erroneous green monkey
theory, heavily popularized by Gallo and the media.
Also unpublicized is the little known fact that Gallo's lab at the National
Cancer Institute was plagued with contamination by primate viruses. In 1975
he reported a new human "HL-23" virus that eventually proved to be three
contaminating ape primate viruses (gibbon-ape virus, simian sarcoma virus,
and baboon endogenous virus). Gallo claims he has no idea how these viruses
contaminated his research.
In 1996 Hooper convinced Nahmias to turn over the remaining 1959 specimen to
David Ho of Rockefeller University in Manhattan for PCR testing. In 1996 Ho
was named Time magazine's "Man of the Year", at a time when few people had
ever heard of him. Ho is also the director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS
Research Center, affiliated with Rockefeller University since 1996. The
Diamond Center is also now connected with the New York Blood Center, home of
the gay vaccine experiments that gave birth to AIDS.
Ho determined the tiny amount of the remaining specimen did not contain live
virus, nor was the complete virion of the virus present. Instead, some
fragments of the virus (about 15% of the total genome) were tested and
presented to the scientific world as the oldest specimen of HIV in the
world. Ho's PCR results cannot be confirmed by independent investigators
because the 1959 specimen is now totally used up.
When published in the journal Nature on February 5, 1998 ("An African HIV-1
sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic"),
Hooper's name appeared on the report, along with Ho, Bette Korber, Nahmias,
and others, The report was heavily publicized as proof that HIV existed in
the African population in 1959.
Although there are no HIV-positive tissue specimens from Africa from the
1960s and 1970s, and no proven cases of AIDS either, Hooper relies heavily
on this 1959 test to support his theory that HIV entered the African
population via the polio vaccines programs in the late 1950s.
In The River Hooper quickly dismisses the claims of physician Robert
Strecker, the first whistle-blower of man-made AIDS, as well as the research
in Horowitz's Emerging Viruses, and in my own books, AIDS & The Doctors of
Death, and Queer Blood.
In condemning AIDS biowarfare research, Hooper declares, "Sadly, supporters
of the Streckers have continued to peddle their ill-informed and outdated
versions of the myth, blaming variously the Soviets, the CIA, the Germans,
and the World Health Organization (WHO) well into the nineties." He
dismisses the hepatitis B vaccine connection to AIDS by noting that only two
of the 826 gay vaccinees had developed AIDS by 1983.
Hooper ignores the fact that by 1981 over 20% of the men in the trials were
HIV-positive and that by 1982, over 30% of the men were HIV-positive. He
dismisses the World Health Organization's African smallpox vaccine
connection by saying, "there is no reason for either HIV or SIV [simian
immunodeficiency virus] to be accidentally present in the vaccine." Hooper
fails to consider the possibility that the vaccines could have been
deliberately contaminated with HIV. Hooper has been a United Nations
official, but no details of this are included in his book .
Despite his massive research, Hooper seems naïve about the continuing
transfer of viruses between various primate species at primate centers. For
example, in 1995 he interviewed Preston Marx at LEMSIP. At that time Marx
was a representative of David Ho's organization, the Aaron Diamond Research
Center.
Hooper writes:
"I was shocked by the cavalier way in which tissues and sera from one
species had been introduced into other species, long after the risks of
cross-species transfer had been highlighted by the SV40 [polio vaccine]
debacle, and I was astonished that survivors from troops that had been
stricken by mystery illnesses could have been casually sold to other
centers, for use in experiments there. Furthermore, this apparent lack of
monitoring and central control seemed to be echoed in other fields, like
xenotransplantation (the transplanting of organ or cells from one species to
another) - and here, of course, the implications were even more
frightening."
By predating his polio vaccine theory back to the late 1950s, Hooper greatly
simplified his theory of AIDS origin. He ignored all those animal viruses
that were placed into human tissue in the 60s and 70s, and all those
dangerous viral creations that were genetically altered for cancer research,
vaccine research, and secret biological warfare.
The chimp in the freezer at Fort Detrick
On February 1, 1999 Lawrence K Altman, longtime physician-writer for The New
York Times, dutifully reported "the riddle of the origin of the AIDS virus
has apparently been solved." A team of researchers, headed by Beatrice Hahn
at the University of Alabama, performed viral studies on three chimps in the
African wild and had also studied the frozen remains of a chimp, discovered
by accident in a freezer at Fort Detrick. The chimp had tested positive for
HIV in 1985. On the basis of all this research, Hahn declared that a common
subspecies of chimp (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) was the animal source of
the virus "most closely " related to HIV.
In a media blitz U.S. government scientists presented a phylogenetic
ancestral "family tree" of primate viruses (which few people could
understand) to prove that HIV was genetically descended from a chimp virus
in the African bush. Molecular analysis of virus genetic data, performed by
Bette Korber and the supercomputer Nirvana at the Los Alamos National Labor
atory in New Mexico, indicated that HIV had jumped species from a chimp to a
human in Africa around the year 1930. (Los Alamos is the official home of
nuclear bomb-building, alleged Chinese spies, and the laboratory which
directed secret human radiation experiments on unsuspecting civilians from
the 1940s up to the beginning of the AIDS epidemic.)
Beatrice Hahn theorized that the epidemic started when a hunter cut himself
while butchering chimp meat and subsequently became infected. Scientists
readily accepted Hahn's notion that the AIDS virus and its closest relatives
jumped species from chimps to humans on multiple occasions, thereby
explaining the origin of the three separate subtypes of HIV-1 (M, N, and O),
as well as HIV-2.
Chimps in West Africa are hunted for food, as well as for medical
experimentation. Young chimps are especially prized for scientific research
and are usually caught by shooting their mothers. Many die from stress and
inhumane conditions during capture and transport to laboratories and zoos in
Western nations.
Due to all this killing, chimps are now an endangered species. During the
past century the African chimp population has dropped from two million to
less than 150,000. Despite the mass killing of chimps, they are still blamed
for causing the worldwide epidemic of AIDS.
Beatrice Hahn is no stranger to primate theories, having worked in Gallo's
lab when he was heavily promoting the green monkey theory in the mid-1980s
and the "close relationship" of the monkey virus to HIV. Now Hahn's virus
was claimed to be a closer relative than the contaminating monkey virus in
Essex' lab that formed the basis of the false green monkey theory.
Media journalists paid no attention to these discrepancies. Hahn's new chimp
findings, along with the old 1959 blood specimen, fully convinced the AIDS
establishment, and an adoring media, that Africa was indeed the source of
HIV and the AIDS epidemic.
The 2000 London Origin of AIDS Conference
When Hooper's book appeared in the fall of 1998, molecular scientists
quickly used the new chimp virus data to completely discredit Hooper's polio
vaccine theory. AIDS in Africa could not be caused by a virus jumping
species in the 50s if it had already jumped species back in the 1930s.
Researchers refused to believe scientists could have played any role in the
origin of HIV and AIDS.
Hooper bypassed the biowarfare theory by predating HIV back to the 50s. Now
scientists bypassed Hooper by dating HIV back several decades earlier. The
fact that there was no African epidemic until the early 1980s did not seem
pertinent. To make their view official, a small group of scientists proposed
an "invitation only" meeting to settle the origin matter once and for all.
In October 2000 the Royal Society of London held a two-day conference on the
origins of HIV. Obviously, the biowarfare theory of AIDS was not discussed.
On the contrary, one professor emphatically declared "all human infectious
diseases have an animal origin." Although there never was a disease like
AIDS (until scientists started to flagrantly pass viruses around to
repeatedly break the species barrier ), the same professor declared that
"natural transfer of these infections is a common event in animal
populations."
Using the viral fragments from the 1959 specimen and comparing them with the
select viruses contained in the data bank at Los Alamos , Betty Korber
refined her computer calculations to establish a likely date of 1940, "with
confidence levels extending from 1871 to 1955." The Rega Institute in
Antwerp estimated the transfer could have occurred between 1590 and 1760,
with 1675 the most likely date.
Hooper spoke but his views were largely ignored by the molecular biologists.
Preston Marx warned about more human diseases caused by viruses emerging
from primates, None of the speakers mentioned what happened to the thousands
of liters of animal viruses that were passed around the world by the Special
Virus Cancer Program in the decade before AIDS.
Instead, the London conferees alerted the public to a new view of medical
science, championed by the virologists. The "Last Word" at the conference
was that "all human viral infections were initially zoonotic (animal) in
origin. Animals will always provide a reservoir for viruses that could
threaten human populations in the future." And the scientists predicted:
"There is still a myriad of current unknown viruses in animal populations on
land, sea, and air with the potential to cause human disease." Apparently,
none of these viruses were in animal laboratories.
AIDS, cancer, genetic science and covert human medical experimentation
Although rejected completely by most scientists, the man-made theory of AIDS
is a rational explanation for the origin of HIV. This theory is partly based
on an awareness of the gene-polluting activities and species jumping virus
experiments of irresponsible scientists during the two decades before the
epidemic.
In addition, the record clearly shows that scientists and biowarfare
scientists experiment secretly on unsuspecting people. Horrific aspects of
the Cold War Human Radiation Experiments attest to the fact that covert
medical experimentation is not an "X-Files" fantasy or a totally paranoid
belief.
It is easy to understand why researchers might want to obscure the man-made
origin for AIDS and blame primates. It is now apparent that most of the
major researchers promoting the African primate origin of AIDS were
connected with the largely secret Special Virus Cancer Program, or are
scientists involved in the transfer of viruses in animal research,
particularly primate research.
From the very beginning of the epidemic, researchers disclaimed any
connection between AIDS and cancer, as well as any connection between HIV
and animal retrovirus cancer research. In 1984, Gallo originally named HIV a
cancer-causing "leukemia/lymphoma" virus. To obscure the cancer connection,
the name was immediately changed to "lymphotropic" virus.
My own Kaposi's sarcoma research, first published in medical journals in
1981, showed "cancer-associated bacteria" as possible infectious agents in
"classic" KS tumors. Before HIV was discovered in 1984, additional papers in
1982 and 1983 showed similar cancer bacteria in the enlarged lymph nodes and
KS tumors of gay men with "gay cancer" and AIDS. Since the 1950s,
cancer-associated bacteria have been linked to viruses, as well as to
mycoplasmas. This aspect of cancer research has been suppressed for decades
by the cancer establishment. A history of this research and its relevancy to
AIDS is the subject of my books, AIDS: The Mystery and the Solution [1984]
and The Cancer Microbe: The Hidden Killer in Cancer, AIDS and Other Immune
Diseases [1990].
Gallo, in his 1991 book, falsely claims that no infectious agent had ever
been found in KS. The refusal of AIDS scientists to recognize cancer microbe
research, published in peer reviewed scientific journals, is a further
indication that the AIDS establishment seeks to control all aspects of HIV
research in such a way as to never connect the origin of AIDS with previous
cancer research and covert biological warfare research. This cover-up
conceals the possibility that AIDS, in reality, is a new man-made form of
infectious and contagious cancer.
Could a small coterie of government scientists concoct a bogus (but
scientifically plausible) primate theory of AIDS origin and bamboozle the
public to believe it in order to cover-up the truth?
In the 1930s the highly respected German scientific community was entirely
transformed by fascist beliefs proclaiming the genetic inferiority of the
Jews and the genetic superiority of the German Master Race. This Nazi
takeover of science and the media eventually led to the murder of millions
in the Holocaust. Could the genetic science surrounding the origin of AIDS
obscure a genocidal and world depopulation program of man-made origin? It is
time for the man-made theory of HIV to be examined fairly.
Proponents of this theory should not be dismissed as paranoid conspiracy
theorists; and AIDS educators should educate themselves about this hidden
history of AIDS and its implications for the origin of HIV.
How many more species jumping viruses will we have to endure before we
question the integrity and the agenda of scientists who still blissfully
jump viruses between species in animal laboratories?
Lawrence K. Altman, the Times reporter who in 1999 wrote that the origin of
the AIDS virus was solved, recently asked "Where did AIDS come from?" Now
seemingly undecided, Altman answers, "We can only guess. Determining the
answer would be important because discovering how AIDS came to be an
epidemic might prevent a similar catastrophe in the future." ("The AIDS
questions that linger," January 30, 2001).
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out how researchers could have
created HIV and how they could have transferred the virus to gay and blacks
in a covert medical experimentation for genocidal or population control
purposes.
The secrecy and scientific disinformation surrounding the Human Radiation
Experiments of the Cold War era has taught us how easily government
scientists can fool the public on scientific matters. And when it comes to
scientific monkey business, researchers know that most people are chumps.
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Dr. Alan Cantwell is a retired dermatologist and AIDS and cancer researcher,
who has written extensively on the man-made origin of AIDS. E-mail address:
***@aol.com Dr, Cantwell's books are available toll-free in the USA
from Book Clearing House @ 1-800-431-1579, and on the internet at Amazon.com
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REFERENCES:
Cantwell AR Jr: Bacteriologic investigation and histologic observations of
variably acid-fact bacteria in three cases of Kaposi's sarcoma. Growth 45:
79-89, 1981.
Cantwell AR Jr: Necroscopic findings of pleomorphic, variably acid-fast
bacteria in a fatal case of Kaposi's sarcoma. Journal of Dermatologic
Surgery and Oncology 7: 923-930, 1981.
Cantwell AR Jr: Variably acid-fast bacteria in vivo in a case of reactive
lymph node hyperplasia occurring in a young male homosexual. Growth 46:
331-336, 1982.
Cantwell AR Jr: Kaposi's sarcoma and variably acid-fast bacteria in vivo in
two homosexual men. Cutis 32: 58-74, 1983.
Cantwell AR Jr: Necroscopic findings of variably acid-fast bacteria in a
fatal case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma.
Growth 47: 129-134, 1983.
Cantwell Jr, A: AIDS:The Mystery & the Solution. Los Angeles: Aries Rising
Press, 1984.
Cantwell Jr, A: AIDS & The Doctors of Death: An Inquiry into the Origin of
the AIDS Epidemic. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1988.
Cantwell Jr, A: The Cancer Microbe. Los Angeles: Aries Rising Press, 1990.
Cantwell Jr, A: Queer Blood: The Secret AIDS Genocide Plot. Los Angeles:
Aries Rising Press, 1993.
Cantwell AR Jr: "Gay cancer, emerging viruses, and AIDS." New Dawn
(Melbourne), Sept 1998.
Faden RR (Chair): The Human Radiation Experiments: Final Report of the
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Gallo R: Virus Hunting: AIDS, Cancer and the Human Retrovirus. New York:
Basic Books, 1991.
Hooper E: The River: A Journey to the Source of HIV and AIDS. Boston, MA:
Little, Brown and Company, 1999
Horowitz LG: Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola. Rockport, MA: Tetrahedron
Publishing Group, 1996.
Lee RE: AIDS: An Explosion of the Biological Time-Bomb? Biographical
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Montagnier L: Virus. New York: WW Norton Co, Inc, 2000. Special Virus Cancer
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Source Paranoia magazine
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